What role does glucagon play in the body?

Glucagon plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels by raising them, which is essential for maintaining energy balance in the body, especially in times of fasting or low carbohydrate intake. It is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas and acts primarily on the liver. When blood sugar levels drop, glucagon is released into the bloodstream, where it stimulates glycogenolysis—the breakdown of glycogen into glucose—and gluconeogenesis, the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. This release of glucose into the bloodstream increases blood sugar levels, providing necessary energy to cells and maintaining homeostasis.

Additionally, glucagon also prompts the liver to convert stored fat into fatty acids, which can be used for energy, especially during periods of fasting. However, its primary and most direct function is to elevate blood glucose levels, making it vital in preventing hypoglycemia. Therefore, the answer accurately captures the essential role of glucagon within the body’s metabolic processes.