Which condition is characterized by adrenal insufficiency and electrolyte imbalances?

Addison's disease is a condition characterized by adrenal insufficiency, which means that the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone. This deficiency leads to various symptoms, including fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and hyperpigmentation of the skin. A critical aspect of Addison's disease is the impact on electrolyte balance; specifically, it can cause hyponatremia (low sodium levels) and hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) due to inadequate aldosterone production. Aldosterone is responsible for regulating sodium and potassium levels in the body, and its deficiency results in imbalances that can have serious health consequences.

Cushing's syndrome, on the other hand, results from excessive cortisol levels, leading to symptoms like weight gain and high blood pressure rather than adrenal insufficiency. Grave's disease is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the thyroid gland, causing hyperthyroidism, and is not related to adrenal hormone imbalances. Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels and is not associated with the adrenal glands or electrolyte imbalances caused by adrenal insufficiency. Thus, Addison's disease distinctly fits the description of the condition characterized by adrenal insufficiency and electrolyte imbalances.